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MDD is characterized by intense, persistent feelings of sadness or despair that last for at least two weeks, significantly affecting daily functioning. Symptoms include fatigue, changes in sleep and appetite, loss of interest in activities, and thoughts of suicide.

 

Treatment typically involves a combination of Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT) and medication, to help regulate mood and reduce symptoms.

 

Without treatment, MDD can severely impact one's quality of life, leading to difficulties in work, relationships, and overall health, with a risk of suicide.

Bipolar Depression occurs in people with bipolar disorder, characterized by alternating cycles of depressive episodes and mania. The depressive episodes mirror those of MDD, but they alternate with periods of elevated mood and energy.

Treatment usually involves mood stabilizers, along with CBT and psychoeducation to manage both depressive and manic phases.

Untreated bipolar disorder can lead to severe mood swings, impacting relationships, job stability, and increasing the risk of suicide during depressive phases.

PPD is a severe form of depression that can occur in women after childbirth, involving intense feelings of sadness, anxiety, and exhaustion that interfere with a mother’s ability to care for her newborn.

Treatment may involve a combination of medications, and CBT, with support from family and healthcare providers.

Untreated PPD can affect both the mother and the infant’s well-being, potentially leading to long-term emotional and developmental issues for the child.

Atypical Depression is a subtype of major depression with specific symptoms like increased appetite, excessive sleep, and heightened sensitivity to rejection. Unlike typical depression, mood can temporarily improve in response to positive events.

Treatment typically involves a combination of medications and CBT to address both the mood and behavioral symptoms.

Atypical Depression can lead to long-term emotional difficulties and impair functioning in personal and professional settings, making early treatment important for recovery.

 Dysthymia is a chronic form of depression with less severe but longer-lasting symptoms than MDD, lasting for at least two years. Individuals may experience periods of normal mood, but these are usually brief.

Treatment often includes psychotherapy, particularly CBT, to help manage symptoms, along with lifestyle changes and sometimes medication.

Persistent depression can erode one’s ability to enjoy life, leading to long-term functional impairment and an increased risk of major depression.

SAD is a type of depression that occurs at certain times of the year, typically during the fall and winter when there is less natural sunlight. Symptoms include low energy, overeating, weight gain, and oversleeping.

Treatment often includes light therapy (phototherapy), CBT, and sometimes medication to alleviate symptoms during the affected months.

Without intervention, SAD can recur annually, leading to significant disruptions in daily life during the affected seasons.

PMDD is a severe form of premenstrual syndrome (PMS) characterized by emotional and physical symptoms such as mood swings, irritability, and depression, typically occurring one to two weeks before menstruation.

Treatment may include some medications, and CBT to help manage symptoms and reduce the impact on daily life.

PMDD can severely disrupt daily activities and relationships, making early intervention crucial for improving quality of life.